How do I find sources for my speeches?

• The library databases can provide you with all the sources you need for your speeches. The databases below may be a good place to start.
• Search strategically: use nouns, and combine them with AND.  These nouns should be specific to your topic.
  • Examples:
    • Your speech is about how sugar causes cavities. Your search would then be: sugar AND cavities
    • Your speech will include information about the effects of smoking. First, list some of the effects of smoking (such as hypertension, lung cancer, etc.), and then use those nouns to search. Run several searches, such as:
      • smoking AND hypertension
      • smoking AND lung cancer
• The library has many databases, but you may want to start with these:
  • Find topic overviews by using Gale eBooks or these other useful resources.
  • Find pro and con positions by using Gale in Context: Opposing Viewpoints,  CQ Researcher, or Facts on File: Issues and Controversies
  • Find news by using Factiva
  • Use the EBSCO portal to have access to a wealth of different databases and millions of articles.  See also the list of databases below.

Watch this video to learn how to recognize scholarly and popular sources.

Click on the image to view full size.

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Be choosy when you search for web sources, as most websites tend to provide only a shallow treatment of topics, and that is not appropriate for college level work. Evaluate websites carefully  using the CRAAP method.

For arguments, some instructors allow the use of ProCon.org.  Make sure to ask your instructor's opinion before you use this website.

When looking for images or videos to use in class projects, keep the following in mind. 

• Images and videos can be found in library databases or on the Web. 
• The most important thing to remember when selecting images for use is that much of what you find on the Web belongs to someone and is not free to use.   
• To avoid having to decide what's OK to use and what isn't, stick to resources that provide free to use images and videos (see links to free image/video sites below). ​
• To run a general search for images and videos you can use, search the Openverse site. 
• Do not list your video or image source in the Works Cited/References section.  Instead, provide attribution underneath or next to the video or image, or verbally. See example of attribution below.

Sunflower at a field in Köcking, market town Eberndorf, district Völkermarkt, Carinthia, Austria, EU. Photographer:Johann Jaritz. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

• Students often try to find sources with information that they can basically repeat on their essays and speeches, or sources that prove the same exact points they're trying to make. This is an ineffective and incorrect way to use sources, and may constitute plagiarism.
• To use sources effectively, tie them to points/arguments you make in your speech or essay. Each source supports or provides information for something you will be saying in your speech/writing in your essay.  See the example below.

Essay/Speech topic: Cricket (the sport)

To cite sources, use the citation style required by your instructor; typically this is either the MLA style or the APA style.  Avoid using citation generators (including the one that comes with Word), as they all introduce errors, and if you don't know how to cite from scratch, you will not recognize an error from the citation generator.

• For help finding resources, use the information in the library's playbooks. Librarians can help you understand the playbooks, but they cannot conduct research for you.
• For help with formatting citations, please consult the library's citation styles playbooks. Please note the librarians cannot help you with citation generators or with any citation guide other than the library's. 
• For help with composition issues (such as spelling, grammar, flow, etc.), please visit the Writing Center.
• If you have questions, please email the  librarians at reference@pvcc.edu, visit the library and speak with a librarian, or connect via chat. If your section has an embedded librarian, contact that specific librarian.