Citation Styles Playbook

• If you cite multiple pages from a website, create a reference for each.
• Notice that the date field includes the year, the month, and the day. The month is not abbreviated.
• To mention a website in general, do not create a reference or an in-text citation. Instead, give the name of the website in the text, and include the URL in parentheses.
  • Example: PBS Kids (https://pbskids.org/games/) provides many entertaining games for children.

Author Last Name, Initials. (Date). Article title. Website name. URL

Martin Lillie, C.M. (2016, December 29). Be kind to yourself: How self-compassion can improve your resiliency. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-compassion-can-improve-your-resiliency/art-20267193

Government Agency Group Author. (Date). Title. Agency. URL

National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders

Organizational Group Author. (Date). Title. URL

World Health Organization. (2024, August 7). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

Author Last Name, Initials. (Date). Article title. Website name. URL

Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, happy, healthy life? Think age-positive. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly-leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html

Bologna, C. (2018, June 27). What happens to your mind and body when you feel homesick? HuffPost. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/what-happens-mind-body-homesick_us_5b201ebde4b09d7a3d77eee1

Note: Use this format for articles published in online news sources such as CNN, HuffPost, Reuters, Salon, BBC News, Vox, etc.

Author Last Name, Initials. (n.d.). Web page title. Site Name. URL

Boddy, J., Neumann, T., Jennings, S., Morrow, V., Alderson, P., Rees, R., & Gibson, W. (n.d.). Ethics principles. The Research Ethics Guidebook: A Resource for Social Scientists. http://www.ethicsguidebook.ac.uk/EthicsPrinciples

ASPCA. (n.d.). Destructive chewing. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/dog-care/common-dog-behavior-issues/destructive-chewing

Note: When the author and the site name are the same (as in the ASPCA example above), omit the site name from the source element.

Entry title. (Year, month, date). In Wikipedia. URL of archived version of page.

List of oldest companies. (2019, January 13). In Wikipedia. https:en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_companies&oldid=878158136

Notes:

• Cite the archived version of a Wikipedia page so readers can retrieve the specific version you used. To access the archived version of a Wikipedia entry, click "View history."

Author Last Name, Initials. Entry title. In Initials, Last Name (Ed.), Title of online work (Date). Publisher information. URL from archives if available.

Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E.N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism

Group Author. (Date). Entry title. In Title of work. Retrieved date, from URL.

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Positive transference. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-transference

NOTES:

• When an online reference work is continuously updated and the versions are not archived, use "n.d." as the year of publication and include a retrieval date.
• If there is no group author, start with the title of the entry.